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Analyses of the state of marine environment indicate there is eutrophication and excessive pollution on certain locations, such as the Boka Kotorska Bay, marine area near Ulcinj, and partly near Budva and Bar. To remediate the existing and eliminate causes of further pollution, it is important to define objectives and undertake appropriate activities for achieving good environmental status of the sea. For this reason harmonisation of regulations and consequent harmonisation of monitoring programmes on the state of the marine environment with requirements relevant for application of EcAp as con...[more]
The Bojana River is an interstate watercourse, which basin covers the total surface area of about 19,000 km2, from the territories of Montenegro, Serbia, i.e., Kosovo, Macedonia, Greece and Albania. The share of waters from Montenegro in the total balance of the Bojana is estimated at around 35%. The mean flow of the Bojana is around 680m3/sec, making it the second biggest tributary of the Adriatic Sea. Due to high water level changes, flooding of the surrounding areas both on the Montenegrin and Albanian side and thus, of marine litter input into the sea, are very frequent occurrences (extrem...[more]
International requirements (primarily those defined by the EU Directive establishing a framework for maritime spatial planning 2014/89/EU) and ever more pronounced conflicts in marine areas uses point to the need to manage pressures on marine ecosystem. Maritime spatial planning enables sustainable use of maritime resources while protecting valuable parts of the sea. In developing maritime spatial plan in order to optimise marine area uses, application of EcAp is proposed to determine the state and pressures on marine environment. This creates preconditions to achieve good environmental status...[more]
There is a waste dump or a municipal waste landfill in every municipality. Waste is not selectively disposed according to categories, but mixed together (municipal, industrial and medical waste) and dumped mostly on unregulated landfills. The waste in landfills is often burned, which poses a serious risk to the environment because burning or combustion generates methane due to the anaerobic decomposition process of organic matter in waste. Landfills are a source of many different types of pollutants that are transmitted into the land and further into the water and air. Solid waste, which mos...[more]
In 2008 Montenegro introduced eco-taxes that bind legal and physical entities to pay yearly allowance for using road motor vehicles and their trailers. Source: Ministry of Tourism and Environment, Government of Montenegro Eco-tax has been introduced based on the obligations arising from the implementation of multilateral agreements in the field of environmental protection, reforms in the context of the European Union accession process, as well as on the grounds of recommendations made by the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), with the ultimate goal to allocate the gathered funds for th...[more]
The existing management system of nature protected areas is characterised by a lack of marine protected natural assets. Given the diversity of marine habitats and types on one hand, and increasing pressures to which they are exposed on the other, it is necessary to establish a network of marine protected areas with the aim to preserve, and where found necessary regenerate values of marine biodiversity. Until 2020, the initiated procedures for establishing marine nature protected areas should be finalised on at least three locations (e.g. Katič, Platamuni, Ratac) recognised for protection ...[more]
The IHO capacity building programme seeks to assess and advise on how countries can best meet their international obligations and serve their own best interests by providing appropriate hydrographic and nautical charting services. Such services directly support safety of navigation, safety of life at sea, efficient sea transportation and the wider use of the seas and oceans in a sustainable way, including the protection of the marine environment, coastal zone management, fishing, marine resource exploration and exploitation, maritime boundary delimitation, maritime defence and security, and o...[more]
Mapping of landscapes as an expert baseline for developing planning documentation has for the first time been comprehensively, and in accordance with requirements of the Landscape Convention, performed in the process of preparing the Landscape Study in the framework of the Special Purpose Spatial Plan of the Coastal Zone MNE development. Nevertheless, integration of landscapes into spatial planning is yet to take hold as a systemic approach i.e. it has not become a part of standard procedures of spatial plans preparation yet. As a consequence, this could lead to conflicts between cultural land...[more]
The necessity to introduce and apply the Ecological Approach into the regular programme of monitoring of the state of the marine ecosystem derives from the decisions of the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention in 2012. This approach is compatible with the requirements of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EC) which transposition into the national legislation and implementation is mandatory in the pre-accession process to the EU, with the aim to achieve good environmental status of marine environment. In order to enable a compatible application of the two approach...[more]
Ulcinj municipality the most south-eastern municipality on the Montenegrin Adriatic coast. Ulcinj has a warm climate and the highest number of sunny days among the coastal municipalities. The municipality has 30 km of Adriatic coastline and the Bojana River goes through the municipality and flows into the sea. Ulcinj wastewater network (48 km) covers 75% of the urban population. The network is obsolete and four pumping stations are very old and in bad condition. There is no WWTP and untreated water is discharged into the Port Milena channel and hence, into the Adriatic Sea. The main sub-marine...[more]
Bar is a coastal town with the biggest permanent population of 44,500 inhabitants. Majority of the inhabitants live in the urban conglomeration including Bar, Suanj and Stari Bar, with an increase of the population during the summer season of around 75,500 people in the municipality. The Port of Bar and its industrial area are both important contributors to wastewater flows. The present sewerage system of Bar is the most extensive system of all coastal towns, in terms of its total length. Sewerage networks are constructed in the town of Bar, Stari Bar, Suanj, Sutomore and Čanj, although ...[more]
The urban area of Herceg Novi municipality stretches out over a thin nearly continuous strip along the northern shore of the Boka Kotorska. Out of the total permanent municipal population of 32,000, about 26,000 live inside the urban area, whereas the remainder is spread out thinly over small villages on the mountain slopes and the Lutica peninsula. Tourism is important in Herceg Novi, adding some 39,000 people to its population in the peak holiday season. Industry is of relatively low importance, with a small industrial (or rather storage) zone in Zelenika and the shipyard in Bijela. The t...[more]
Urban area of Kotor municipality is situated in patches around the most inland part of the Bay of Kotor. Tourism is of relatively low importance compared to the other municipalities on the coast, with a peak tourist number of about 10,900, adding some 50% to the population. Kotor municipality has an industrial zone, situated in Grbalj. Industries used to contribute considerably to the local economy, but activities have practically ceased. The present sewerage network of Kotor is connected to the regional transmission main which transports sewage to the Trate sea outfall. The original design ...[more]
The National Strategy for Integrated Coastal Zone Management of Montenegro (ICZM) defines the measures for building the national administrative, professional and scientific capacity of the institutions dealing with research and monitoring which are of importance for a multidisciplinary assessment of the state and monitoring of the Montenegrin marine ecosystem. In order to improve the national programme of monitoring of the marine ecosystem and align it with relevant EU and UN requirements, it is necessary to foreseen EcAp introduction into marine environment's assessment and monitoring with th...[more]
In 2007 Montenegro adopted its National Strategy of Sustainable Development for the period of 2007-2012. Source: In 2007 Montenegro adopted its National Strategy of Sustainable Development for the period of 2007-2012 which is based on the principles and recommendations of Agenda 21 and Declaration and Implementation Plan from Johannesburg. The process of drafting NSSD Montenegro used positive experiences from the global, European and the processes in the Mediterranean region and is based on the existing national strategic documents and available information. The general goals are the followi...[more]
The existing level of development of environmental infrastructure (wastewater treatment, waste disposal, etc.) is insufficient to provide for development and the needs of preserving the sea, water, land and air. Remediation and reclamation of priority locations with pollution problems should enable their safe arrangement. Analysis carried out within CAMP project resulted, among others, with a pollution model which was used to identify polluted sites and determine spatial extent and intensity of impacts. Based on these data and wider documentation developed under the so far implemented program...[more]
The quality of developed space is a basis for quality of life and an indicator of construction and general culture of a community. It is moreover important for regions, such as the coastal zone of Montenegro, which have potentials and ambitions for high quality tourism development. Analyses and field assessments show that a high share of developed areas are of unsatisfactory quality. A high share of illegal construction contributes to the problem. For this reason it is important to systemically strengthen capacities of spatial planners, local administrations and civil sector representatives f...[more]
At the strategic level, the Regional Development Strategy of Montenegro which was adopted in 2008, founds the reduction of regional differences within the country and increased employment on the basis of the concept of low-carbon development in all main branches of economy and envisages introduction of measures for encouraging private investments into green business and sectors. Source: Government of the Republic of Montenegro Regional development strategy defines the objectives and instruments for the construction of the overall development potential, contribute to reducing inequalities in r...[more]
Bijela Shipyard is a highly ranked hot spot type B according to the UNEP/MAP 2015 National Action Plan's ranking methodology. As such, it is also recognized as the first priority NAP measure for the implementation of the LBS Protocol and its Regional Plans in the framework of the SAP-MED with the aim to achieve Good Environmental Status for pollution-related EcAp Ecological Objectives). Therefore, the polluted sediments remediation project in Bijela Shipyard is very significant not only for elimination of pollution from this location but for stopping the spread of negative impacts on the surro...[more]
According to the climate change vulnerability model produced during the Coastal Area Management Programme CAMP Montenegro, droughts, forest fires and stormy winds have the biggest impact in the areas of Herceg Novi and Budva municipalities and southern part of the coast. Heavy rains have the biggest impact in the parts of Kotor municipality and in Budvas hinterland. From the aspect of vulnerability to sea level rise, the following areas are found to be vulnerable: confluence of the river Sutorina, Kostanjica Risan stretch, north-western part of Vrmac, Tivat Salinas, Jaz beach and a part of Mr...[more]
As Montenegro is becoming a favourite destination for nautical tourism which is characterised by a fast growth, optimal standards to decrease negative impacts on the environment have not been developed. This refers to the construction planning stage (in the sense of applying optimal approaches to plan accepting capacity of the marine waters zone in relation to the number of berths), as well as to definition of technical standards when environmental impact assessment is prepared as part of technical documentation development, and the execution of works. A lack of berths functionally linked to ...[more]
